Beloved: Analysis :: essays research papers

From the earliest starting point, Beloved spotlights on the import of memory and history. Sethe battles day by day with the frightful inheritance of bondage, as her undermining recollections and furthermore as her daughter’s forceful apparition. For Sethe, the present is for the most part a battle to beat back the past, in light of the fact that the recollections of her daughter’s demise and the encounters at Sweet Home are unreasonably difficult for her to review deliberately. Be that as it may, Sethe’s restraint is hazardous, on the grounds that the nonattendance of history and memory hinders the development of a steady personality. Indeed, even Sethe’s hard-won opportunity is undermined by her failure to defy her earlier life. Paul D’s appearance gives Sethe the chance and the driving force to at last deal with her agonizing life history. As of now in the principal section, the peruser starts to increase a feeling of the repulsions that have occurred. Like the apparition, the location of the house is an obstinate token of its history. The characters allude to the house by its number, 124. These digits feature the nonappearance of Sethe’s killed third youngster. As an establishment, subjugation broke its victims’ customary family structures, or, more than likely blocked such structures from ever shaping. Slaves were subsequently denied of the establishments of any character separated from their job as workers. Infant Suggs is a lady who never got the opportunity to be a genuine mother, girl, or sister. Afterward, we discover that neither Sethe nor Paul D knew their folks, and the moderately long, six-year marriage of Halle and Sethe is a peculiarity in an establishment that would normally redistribute people to various ranches as their proprietors regarded essential. The scars on Sethe’s back fill in as another demonstration of her distorting and dehumanizing a very long time as a slave. Like the apparition, the scars additionally fill in as a representation for the route that past disasters influence us mentally, â€Å"haunting† or â€Å"scarring† us forever. All the more explicitly, the tree shape framed by the scars may represent Sethe’s inadequate family tree. It could likewise represent the weight of presence itself, through a reference to the â€Å"tree of knowledge† from which Adam and Eve ate, starting their mortality and languishing. Sethe’s â€Å"tree† may likewise offer knowledge into the engaging capacities of translation. Similarly that the white men can legitimize and build their control over the slaves by â€Å"studying† and deciphering them as indicated by their own impulses, Amy’s translation of Sethe’s mass of revolting scars as a â€Å"chokecherry tree† changes an account of torment and abuse into one of endurance.

Manufacturing alumina Free Essays

The creation of aluminum starts with the mining and beneficiation of bauxite. At the mine (for the most part of the surface sort), bauxite mineral is expelled to a smasher. The squashed mineral is then screened and amassed, prepared for conveyance to an alumina plant. We will compose a custom exposition test on Assembling alumina or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now At the alumina plant, the bauxite mineral is additionally squashed or ground to the right molecule size for proficient extraction of the alumina through absorption by hot sodium hydroxide alcohol. After evacuation of â€Å"red mud† (the insoluble piece of the bauxite) and fine solids from the procedure alcohol, aluminum trihydrate gems are hastened and calcined in revolving furnaces or fluidized bed calciners to deliver alumina (Al2O3). (Bounicore Wayne 1992) Some alumina forms incorporate an alcohol cleansing advance. Essential aluminum is created by the electrolytic decrease of the alumina. The alumina is broken down in a liquid shower of fluoride exacerbates (the electrolyte), and an electric flow is gone through the shower, making the alumina separate to shape fluid aluminum and oxygen. The oxygen responds with carbon in the terminal to deliver carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Liquid aluminum gathers in the base of the individual cells or pots and is evacuated under vacuum into tapping cauldrons. . Contingent upon the ideal application, extra refining might be vital. For demagging (expulsion of magnesium from the soften), perilous substances, for example, chlorine and hexachloroethane are frequently utilized, which may deliver dioxins and dibenzofurans. (Bounicore Wayne 1992) Mechanical types of aluminum incorporate industrially unadulterated metal and combinations with different metals, for example, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, titanium and zinc. Aluminum composites may contain as much as fifteen percent of the alloying metals. In powder structure, aluminum and its combinations are flammable in air and present a potential blast peril. In sheet or square structures, aluminum won't regularly engender or continue burning. (Metals Alloys, 1976) Perils and Risks Entail in Processing At the bauxite creation offices, dust is transmitted to the environment from dryers and materials-dealing with hardware, through vehicular development, and from impacting. The residue isn't unsafe; it tends to be an annoyance if regulation frameworks are not set up, particularly on the dryers and taking care of gear. Other air discharges could incorporate nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and different results of ignition from the bauxite dryers. (Paris Com, 1992) Mineral washing and beneficiation may yield process wastewaters containing suspended solids. Overflow from precipitation may likewise contain suspended solids. At the alumina plant, air outflows can incorporate bauxite dust from taking care of and preparing; limestone dust from limestone taking care of, consumed lime dust from transports and canisters, alumina dust from materials taking care of, red mud residue and sodium salts from red mud stacks impoundments), scathing pressurized canned products from cooling towers, and results of burning, for example, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from boilers, calciners, portable hardware, and furnaces. The calciners may likewise transmit alumina dust and the ovens, consumed lime dust. In spite of the fact that alumina plants don't ordinarily release effluents, substantial rainfalls can bring about surface overflow that surpasses what plant can use in process. (Brady Humiston, 1982) Hydrogen Generating Reactions Aluminum is an extremely receptive metal, and the best mechanical perils related with aluminum are compound responses. Aluminum is a superb diminishing operator, and ought to respond with water promptly to free hydrogen. Notwithstanding, the defensive aluminum oxide covering shields it from response with dampness or oxygen. On the off chance that the defensive covering is broken, for instance, by scratching or by amalgamation (the way toward covering with a film of mercury wherein the metallic aluminum disintegrates; the aluminum oxide covering doesn't hold fast to the amalgamated surface), quick response with dampness or potentially oxygen can happen. The essentialness of this response is needy upon the amount of aluminum accessible to respond. Aluminum is additionally oxidized by heat at a temperature subordinate rate. (Gaze, Beddow, Chen, Butler, 1982) Aluminum metal is amphoteric (shows both acidic and fundamental attributes). Accordingly, aluminum will respond with acids or bases; the two responses free hydrogen, a combustible gas. Nonetheless, aluminum doesn't respond with concentrated nitric corrosive in light of the fact that the oxidizing capability of the corrosive adds to the development of the defensive aluminum oxide covering. (Martin, 1976) Thermite Reactions Aluminum promptly removes oxygen from other metal oxides to shape aluminum oxide with the synchronous arrival of a lot of warmth (enough warmth to liquefy the results of the response). For instance, the response of aluminum with ferric oxide to create fluid aluminum oxide and fluid iron produces temperatures moving toward 3000 °C (5400 °F). This response, alluded to as the â€Å"thermite reaction,† has been utilized to weld huge masses of iron and steel; when encased in a metal chamber and touched off by a lace of magnesium has been utilized in flammable bombs; and, with ammonium perchlorate included as an oxidizer, has given the push to the space transport supporter rockets. (May Berard, 1987) Residue Explosions A residue blast is an intricate marvel including synchronous force, vitality, and mass vehicle in a receptive multi-stage framework. Aluminum particles, when in residue, powder, or drop structures from activities, for example, fabricating powder, granulating, completing, and handling, might be suspended as a residue cloud in air and therefore may touch off and cause genuine harm. In the event that the residue cloud is unconfined, the impact is basically one of blaze fire. Assuming, nonetheless, the touched off residue cloud is in any event mostly kept, the warmth of burning may bring about quickly expanding weight and produce blast impacts, for example, cracking of the restricting structure. Aluminum dust isn't in every case effectively ignitable, and, subsequently, the peril of residue blasts is regularly overlooked. Least unstable convergences of aluminum dust have been accounted for upwards from around 40 grams for each cubic meter (0.04 ounces per cubic foot) of air. (May Berard, 1987) Consequences for Health Aluminum particles stored in the eye may cause neighborhood tissue demolition. Aluminum salts may cause dermatitis, conjunctivitis, dermatoses, and disturbance of the upper respiratory framework through hydrolysis-freed corrosive. Aluminum isn't for the most part viewed as a mechanical toxin, despite the fact that inward breath of finely partitioned aluminum powder has been accounted for as a reason for pneumoconiosis. In most insightful cases, in any case, it was discovered that introduction was not exclusively to aluminum, however to a blend of aluminum, silica, iron cleans, and different materials. Aluminum in mist concentrates has been referenced in examines including Alzheimer’s infection. Most exposures to aluminum happen in purifying and refining forms. Since aluminum might be alloyed with different metals, each metal (e.g., copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, nickel, chromium, lead, and so on.) may potentially introduce its own wellbeing risks. (Buonicore Davis, 1992) Suggestion Aluminum dust is unequivocally fibrogenic. Metallic aluminum residue may cause nodular lung fibrosis, interstitial lung fibrosis, and emphysema as demonstrated in creature experimentation, and impacts give off an impression of being associated to molecule size of the dust30; be that as it may, when presentation to aluminum cleans have been concentrated in man, most exposures have been seen as to different synthetics just as aluminum. (Buonicore Davis, 1992) Security Measures: Prevention and Control The American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) suggests the requirement for five separate Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for aluminum, contingent upon its structure (aluminum metal residue, aluminum pyro powders, aluminum welding exhaust, aluminum solvent salts, and aluminum alkyls). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has additionally settled Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) for aluminum. (May Berard, 1987) Contamination counteraction is constantly wanted to the utilization of end-of-pipe contamination control offices. Along these lines each endeavor ought to be made to consolidate cleaner creation procedures and offices to restrain, at source, the amount of toxins produced. In the bauxite mine, where beneficiation and mineral washing are rehearsed, tailings slurry of 7†9% solids is created for removal. The favored innovation is to think these tailings and discard them in the mined-out territory. A convergence of 25â€30% can be accomplished through gravity settling in a tailings lake. The tailings can be additionally thought, utilizing a thickener, to 30â€50%, yielding a considerably volume diminished slurry. The alumina plant releases red mud in slurry of 25â€30% solids, and this additionally presents a chance to diminish removal volumes. (May Berard, 1987) Today’s innovation, as high-productivity profound thickeners, and enormous measurement ordinary thickeners, can create a mud of 50â€60% solids fixation. The lime utilized in the process structures insoluble solids that leave the plant alongside the red mud. Reusing the lime utilized as a separating help to processing to uproot the new lime that is typically included now can limit these lime-based solids. At long last, emanating volume from the alumina plant can be limited or wiped out by great structure and working works on: lessening the water added to the procedure, isolating condensates and reusing to the procedure, and utilizing water all the while. (Stare, Beddow, Chen, Butler, 1982) References Brady, James E. what's more, Humiston, Gerard E. (1982), General Chemistry: Principles and Structure, Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Bounicore, Anthony J., and Wayne T. Davis, eds. (1992), Air Pollut

Magical Thinking in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Magical Thinking in Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD Symptoms Print Magical Thinking in Generalized Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 16, 2018 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children A. Tamboly / Getty Images We all engage in magical thinking from time-to-time. Superstitions fall into the category of magical thinking, such as avoiding the 13th floor of a building or needing to have a specific object with you for good luck. Ever tossed a coin in a fountain? Made a wish before blowing out candles? Even the most simple acts involve  magical thinking. Definitions One of the early writers on the topic was Freud. He talked about magical thinking as a defense mechanism to protect us from feeling helpless. This type of thinking tends to be greater when you feel a loss of control or face external events that feel anxiety-provoking, such as the loss of a loved one. In this way, most people use magical thinking to try and control what cant be controlled. Magical Thinking and Generalized Anxiety Disorder In the case of mental illness, magical thinking takes on another dimension. While its typically thought of in cases of psychosis or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in which a person believes that his/her thoughts or actions have the ability to control outside events, a recent study compared levels of magical thinking in people with OCD, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and a normal control group, and showed that levels of magical thinking were similar between the OCD and GAD group. Alex Lickerman, MD  defines magical thinking  as believing that one event happens as a result of another without a plausible link of causation. Or specifically, believing in things  more strongly  than either evidence or experience justifies. In the case of generalized anxiety disorder, it tends to be just thatâ€"believing that your anxiety somehow controls the world around you. Resistance to Treatment David Burns, MD writes that although the anxiety experienced by people with GAD is painful, the belief is that it protects you from some greater catastrophe. You may be convinced that intense worrying is the key to your success or that if you dont over-plan, over-research, or generally over-worry about everything, things will fall apart. This type of magical thinking in GAD can make it harder to get better. If you feel that letting go of your anxiety may result in bad outcomes, of course, you will be resistant to letting it go. You may worry that if you give up your anxiety (e.g., stop being a perfectionist at work, stop being a germaphobe), something bad will happen (i.e., youll become a slacker, make a mistake, and be let go; youll contract an awful disease). How to Challenge Your Magical Thinking Ironically, the key to managing magical thinking is actually to plan aheadâ€"something that you are already good at doing. Think about situations that you might find yourself in that could be anxiety-provoking ahead of time. It is much easier to manage magical thinking before it starts than to disrupt your pattern once it has begun. Devise a plan based on what a reasonable person might do in that same situation. Thinking about this ahead of time gives you a chance to see it realistically while you are not feeling anxious. For example, if you know that you will be visiting a sick relative in the hospital and feel worried about transferring germs, reasonable steps to take might be using hand sanitizer or wearing a mask. Unreasonable steps might include bringing along cleaning supplies and washing the floors and counters. A few other examples might include: If you worry about getting a work project in by the deadline, a reasonable step might be breaking the task into manageable parts and having each part done by a certain date.If you worry about the health and safety of your family, reasonable steps might include using safety equipment in your home, proper car seats, vaccinations, and regular check-ups.If you worry about your financial situation, reasonable steps might include following a budget, setting aside savings, and meeting with a financial planner. A Word From Verywell Be sure your planning ahead is done during times of low anxiety when you are able to think rationally about reasonable steps that you can take. It might even help to enlist a friend to help you develop these plans. That person could also help to keep you aware of when your anxiety might be overwhelming your thought process  and check in with you to see if you are following your plan during times of stress.

Quezon City City Of The Philippines - 1334 Words

Quezon City is a site whose history is teeming with hardship. It was originally designed and created as a utopian planned city to function as the capital of the Philippines, replacing Manila. Due to several unforeseen circumstances, including World War II and the death of the original designer, the plans were put on hold. Due to the problems the Quezon City originally faced, it was never fully implemented and never lived up to its expectation as the capital, but continues to flourish as a culture, economic, and education hub in the Philippines. Located on a fertile plateau, Quezon City is surrounded with hilly forest to the north and three cities in the other directions. The center of the city has one main oval, known as Quezon City Circle. Originally intended to be the home of government buildings, today this circle contains several parks, gardens, and cultural monuments. From the center radiates six main streets: one going north, one going east, one going south, and three forking to west. Of those three, two create the upper and lower borders of Triangle Park, and Quezon Avenue bisects the triangle through the middle. Epifanio de los Santos Avenue defines the third side of Triangle Park. Despite the name, there are not many parks within the triangle: Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center and several small neighborhood parks. Two more streets angle back from the ends of Triangle Park to Quezon Avenue, creating a large diamond, perfectly bisected by Quezon Avenue andShow MoreRelatedThe City Of Quezon City1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of Quezon City is teeming with hardship. It was originally designed and created as a utopian planned city to function as the capital of the Philippines, replacing Manila. Due to several unforeseen circumstances, including World War II and the death of the original designer, the plans were put on hold. Because of the problems that Quezon City originally faced, it was never fully implemented and never lived up to its expectation as the capital, but continues to flourish as a cultural, economicRead MoreHistorical Perspective of Sped1456 Words   |  6 PagesSchool for the Deaf and Blind in Manila and Miss Rice was the administrator and at the same time the teacher of that school. Today, the school for the Deaf is located at Harrison Street, Pasay City and the Philippine National School for the Blind is adjacent to it on Polo Road. During the year 1926, the Philippine Association for the Deaf (PAD) was composed of hearing impaired members and special education specialists. The following year (1927), the Welfareville Children’s Village in Mandaluyong, RizalRead MoreManuel L. Quezon2965 Words   |  12 Pagesreally know MANUEL L. QUEZON Well, I think almost people know him as the â€Å"Father of the Philippine National Language† and we always see him in a twenty pesos bill. 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Flooded with queries on how to send help and assistance to displaced residents of the war-torn city, here are the list of government agencies and other offices that accept donations in-cash and in-kind. The DepartmentRead Mor eAbs-Cbn vs Gma7 Written Analysis of the Case1213 Words   |  5 Pagesheadquarters is in Quezon City with regional offices and news bureaus in over 25 provincial areas throughout the country. GMA Network (GMA) is a major commercial television radio network in the Philippines. GMA Network is owned by GMA Network, Inc. a publicly listed company. Its first broadcast on television was on October 29, 1961. It is headquartered in the GMA Network Center in Quezon City and its transmitter is located at Tandang Sora Avenue, Barangay Culiat also in Quezon City. Rivals GMA NetworkRead MoreMarketing Plan802 Words   |  4 Pagesposition itself as a reasonably priced, upscale and fine fast food restaurant. Its patrons will be single as well as families; ages 20 – 50. 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Never in the history of the Philippines had such brutality been committed against the dignity of the human person. For this very reason, the Japanese Occupation is another essential facet that must be examined through the lens of Human Rights. The bombing of Manila on December 8, 1941 marked the beginning of what was known to be the one of the darkest and most traumatic ages in Philippine history. At the start of the Second World War, the Filipinos were unprepared

Statutory Rape A Legal Matter - 2047 Words

Statutory rape is a legal matter in which an individual has sexual intercourse with a minor. Although the statutory rape law is to protect any individual from being sexually abused by an older individual sexual assault is mainly geared towards protecting women. Even though having sex with a minor is illegal it is possible in some states to have sex with a minor with valid consent. If an individual is caught having sexual intercourse with a minor the penalties may result in serving time in a state penitentiary or a correctional facility. Statutory rape is patronizing to girls and recriminating to boys because, many individuals believe that girls do not have the mental composite to consent to sexual activities, but boys have uncontrollable†¦show more content†¦The law also protects children under the age of 12, which would result in the defendant being charged with rape. â€Å"The number of men serving within prisons for statutory rape has a big difference between the amount of women serving prison time for statutory rape. There are hardly any women reported or sued for the same crime. The law does hold the same penalty for both sexes for statutory rape† (Russell 507). Basically, the majority of individuals argue that the statutory rape laws are patronizing to the girls and discriminatory to the boys. There have been many reasons proving this may be true. Although statutory rape laws are not only to protect women, but also men from sexual abuse, there have been many times that boys have been sexually abused by females and it has been ignored. This shows that statutory rape laws discriminate towards boys. Most times statutory rape cases are charged against young teens which means that young teens should be taught at an early age that sexual activity is not only wrong, but also illegal because, Instead of charging these young teenagers with a statutory rape crime they should be provided with counseling rather than imprisonment or being labeled as a sex offender for the rest of their lives. Although the laws for statutory rape are discriminating towards boys and patronizing towards girls it may not always be the boys fault because,

Social Responsibility, Consumerism, and the Marketing Concept

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, CONSUMERISM, AND THE MARKETING CONCEPT Robert D. Winsor, Loyola Marymount University ABSTRACT This paper compares the often-criticized selling orientation or selling concept with the commonly-praised societal marketing concept from the perspectives of consumer rationality and persuasibility. It is suggested that both orientations view consumers as relatively irrational and as easily prone to manipulation by marketers. The implications of this similarity are explored from the perspectives of consumerism and social responsibility. INTRODUCTION Critics of marketing have consistently attacked the discipline for discounting consumers intelligence and capacity for rational choice and for deliberately†¦show more content†¦Since the publication of Keith s article, other writers have modified, refined, and extended the basic thesis advancing this evolutionary process: The most noteworthy and well-known of these descriptions is that of Philip Kotler. Kotler describes five alternative concepts or philosophies through which most businesses have evolved. Although any given business can operate under any of the philosophies, the underlying precept of the evolution thesis is that these philosophies form a hierarchy, with later philosophies being superior to those of earlier eras (Keith, 1960; Kotler, 1994). The implication is that to move from a lower level (earlier) philosophy to that on a higher level (later) is not only insightful, but also good business. The first eras or business philosophies are termed the product and the production concepts. The product concept emphasizes product quality and/or performance, and assumes that at least some consumers are knowledgeable enough to recognize and respect superior attributes in these areas. The production concept focuses upon systems for producing large volumes of products in an effort to drive down costs by exploiting economies of scale. This philosophy is based upon the assumption that most consumers not only recognize, but prefer high value (benefits - price) offerings and are knowledgeable and rational in selecting among alternative products. A later era is known as the sellingShow MoreRelatedMarketing Concept and the possible limitations to this concept.1458 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing is defined as a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others.(Kotler.P 2002 : 5) The goals of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. 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After the founding of the United States, and particularly after the Civil War, America was growing by leaps and bounds. Railroads opened the West, factories increased in urban areas producing steel, building was rampant, and all of these activities took a larger labor force. Because these vast numbers of workers were unable to produce theirRead MoreCase Analysis Product RED1261 Words   |  5 Pages2009). Though the movement has many positive impacts still it has many critics. Product (Red) strategy for promoting socially and environmentally responsible business practices Product (RED) focuses on three main factors: †¢ Cause marketing †¢ Conscious consumerism †¢ CSR a two way proposition Product (RED)’s strategy was to promote not just the RED products but making sure that they are compelling and are sold. 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There are many environmental factors that affect IKEA’s global and domestic marketing decisions. An analysis of those factors, the influence of the global economic interdependency and the effectRead MoreThe Deterioration of Childhood Innocence Due to Media a nd Consumerism 1708 Words   |  7 Pagesgrown-ups’ responsibility to build a metaphorical wall between a child’s innocence and various types of media and consumerism. Although it is becoming increasingly difficult due to the powerful world of media, which constantly reinvents itself to outwit the latest parental imposition, the preservation of innocence is not impossible. The innocence of children is what turns them into successful adults, and how well adults do at this job may determine our planet’s future survival. The concept of childhood

Limitations of Interpersonal Communciation Research Essay Example For Students

Limitations of Interpersonal Communciation Research Essay Word Count: 674 When taking a limit of an equation in Calculus, a limit does not always exist. However, in the real word there are always limitations to what people can accomplish no matter how hard they work or try. These limitations are evident in interpersonal commuciation research as well. In the article, Commucication Apprehension Among Secretarial Students, the authors, Melanie Booth-Butterfield and Carol C. Thomas, research and examine the levels of trait communication apprehension among students enrolled in college level office administration programs. In the following paragraphs I will discuss the process and two limitations of the research. In the article, the authors seek to investigate communication apprehension among secretarial students. Communication apprehension is an individuals level of fear or anxiety associated with communicationg with others (Booth-Butterfield Thomas, 1995, pp. 39). The methodological framework utilitized by the authors was to administer questionnaires during regular class time in four different sections. This survey included a measure of trait communication apprehension and anxiety across four different areas of interpersonal, small group, meeting and public speaking. In addition, the questionnaire asked for the age and whether the participants have had experience in a co-op role or as a secretary for a regular business. The participants of the questionaire were 117 random students enrolled at a four-year, technical business-oriented college. Of these students, 58 were female students enrolled full-time in office administration courses. The remaining students were not secretarial students but were enrolled in business administration, management, and communication courses. The results of the survey clearly showed a higher communication apprehension among secretarial students than non-secretarial students rergardless of age or job experience. Furthermore, secretarial students showed anxiety in all four areas of communication especially in public speaking. In conlusion to the research, the authors say that the anxiety experienced by many office adminstration students should be observable and will substatntively influence their performance in classes and on the job (Booth-Butterfield Thomas, 1995, pp. 39). Although this communication apprehension research seems reasonable, limitations include the type of data used and the relationships or generalizations that are drawn between certain variables. To begin with, the methodological framework utilized by the author is in the form of a questionairre. A questionairre is basically a test to see how one thinks of his or herself and is not necessarily accurate. For example, an individual may think he or she is apprehensive to communication but when actually confronted with the scenerio may perform rather well and without any fear or anxiety. Perhaps a better methodological approach in gathering data is to setup an actual communication setting and have the participants perform to the communication task. The data should be based on the performance as well as feedback from the participant to see if the communication apprehension was accurate. Another limitation to the research is the relationships or generalizations that are drawn between certain variables. First, of the secretarial participants that took the questionairre, all were females. Differences in trait communication apprehension between males and females in the non-secretarial group were examined and showed no significant differences (Booth-Butterfield Thomas, 1995, pp. 42). The authors use this data and draw a relationship between the secretarial and non-secretarial gender to say that in general there are no gender differences. However, accurate as it may sound, this is another limitation because secretarial students in general may think differently. Perhaps females with communication apprehension follow office administrative fields because they think that all they need to do is sit all day and type with little talk or interaction while males in the same field do not. Secondly, the authors come to the immediate generalization that these secretarial students with communication apprehension will be less successful once in a working environment others (Booth-Butterfield Thomas, 1995, pp. 43). This parallels the first limitation where I stated that these individuals might perform rather well when the spotlight is on them. .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e , .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .postImageUrl , .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e , .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e:hover , .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e:visited , .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e:active { border:0!important; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e:active , .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5f0c58c6762dad03945212e5f2ab89e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: youth violence Essay Although they may be apprehensive to communication does not necessarily mean that they cannot perform under actual situations. In this paper I have discussed the authors research on communication apprehension among secretarial students as well as the limitations of the research. Booth-Butterfield and Thomas give us their interpretations of their findings and feel that secretarial students have greater anxiety when it comes to communication scenerios. They even conclude that this apprehension will make these students less capable of success in future work environments. However, these statements are based on generalizations and interpretations from research with various limitations. In conclusion, there are always limitations of interpersonal communication research because it not like Mathematics where one can just measure communication levels with a ruler. .